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  1. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed in England during the 1780s. The molten pig iron was stirred in a reverberatory furnace, in an oxidizing environment to burn the carbon, resulting in wrought iron. It was one of the most important processes for making the first apprecia… See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for produc… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Puddling furnace

    The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming int… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

    Further reading

    • W. K. V. Gale, Iron and Steel (Longmans, London 1969), 55ff.
    • W. K. V. Gale, The British Iron and Steel Industry: a technical history (David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1967), 62–66.… See more

     
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  2. Puddling is a step in the manufacture of high-grade iron in a crucible or furnace. It was invented in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution. The molten pig iron was stirred in a reverberatory furnace, in an oxidizing environment, resulting in wrought iron.

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddling_(metallurgy)
    Puddling was one of several methods for producing iron that were developed in Europe during the 1700s. It has the distinction, however, of being the most successful method in the history of metallurgy for making pig iron into bar iron without using charcoal.
    www.allthescience.org/what-is-puddling.htm
    Puddling is used in maintaining canals or reservoirs on permeable ground. The technique of puddling and its use was developed by early canal engineer James Brindley; it is considered his greatest contribution to engineering. This processed material was used extensively in UK canal construction in the period starting circa 1780.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddling_(civil_engineering)
     
  3. Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

     
  4. Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

  5. Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

  6. Puddling (metallurgy) - chemeurope.com

  7. Puddling Steel, Technique and History of | SpringerLink

  8. Changes to Iron Production | History of Western …

    Puddling produced structural-grade iron at a relatively low cost. It was a means of decarburizing pig iron by slow oxidation, with iron ore as the oxygen source, as the iron was manually stirred using a long rod. Puddling was done in a …

  9. What is Puddling? - AllTheScience

    May 21, 2024 · Puddling was one of several methods for producing iron that were developed in Europe during the 1700s. It has the distinction, however, of being the most successful method in the history of metallurgy for making pig iron into …

  10. The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

  11. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikiwand

  12. Puddling process - (Honors World History) - Fiveable

  13. Puddling Europe - Inventing Europe

  14. The Puddler - The Melting Pot

  15. Puddling (metallurgy) - History - LiquiSearch

  16. What is Puddling Furnace? Unlock the Ancient Art of Metal ...

  17. What does a Puddler do? Career Overview, Roles, Jobs | IAPMO

  18. What is puddle in construction? – Wise-Advices

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